Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ dade a ɛnyɛ den 304, 304L, 316 ne 316L ntam?

Dade bɛn na ɛyɛ dade a ɛnyɛ den?

dade a ɛnyɛ den yɛ dade bi. Dadeɛ kyerɛ dadeɛ a carbon a ɛnnu 2% (C), na ɛboro 2% yɛ dadeɛ. Sɛ wode chromium (CR), nickel (NI), manganese (MN), silicon (SI), titanium (TI), molybdenum (MO) ka ho a wode ka ho no, ne nneɛma afoforo a wɔde yɛ dade a wɔde yɛ dade no ma dade no yɛ adwuma yiye na ɛma dade no yɛ nea ɛko tia nsu a ɛyɛ hyew (kyerɛ sɛ, rust biara nni hɔ a yɛtaa frɛ no dade a ɛnyɛ den.
Dɛn ankasa ne "dae" ne "dade", su bɛn na wɔwɔ, na abusuabɔ bɛn na ɛda wɔn ntam? Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na 304, 304L, 316, ne 316L a yɛtaa ka ho asɛm no fi, na nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ wɔn ntam?
Dadeɛ: adeɛ a dadeɛ yɛ adeɛ titire, carbon a ɛwɔ mu no taa yɛ 2%, ne nneɛma foforɔ. ——GB/T 13304-91 "Adagyew mu nkyekyem".
Dadeɛ: Dadeɛ adeɛ a ɛwɔ atom nɔma 26. Dadeɛ nneɛma wɔ ferromagnetism a ɛyɛ den, ɛyɛ plasticity pa, na ɛma ɔhyew kɔ mu.
Dade a ɛnyɛ den: mframa, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, nsu, ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛporɔw anaasɛ dade a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Dadeɛ a wɔtaa de di dwuma no yɛ 304, 304L, 316, ne 316L, a ɛyɛ 300-series dadeɛ a ɛyɛ austenitic stainless steel.

 

Dɛn nti na dade a ɛnyɛ den wɔ dade nɔma ahorow?

Wɔ smelting nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ stainless steel, esiane alloying elements ahorow a wɔde aka ho nti, dodow a ɛsono ahorow a wɔde ka ho no yɛ soronko. Ne su ahorow nso yɛ soronko. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu nsonsonoe a ɛda wɔn ntam no, wɔde dade nɔma ahorow na ɛyɛ abotiri. Nea edidi so yi yɛ table a "alloy element" content of different steel numbers of common decorative stainless steel ma reference nkutoo:
Nnuru a ɛwɔ mu (mass fraction, %) .

 

 

 

Adwumayɛ ho nnianim asɛm: 

304 dade a ɛnyɛ den ne dade a wɔtaa de di dwuma. Sɛ́ dade a wɔde di dwuma kɛse no, ɛwɔ corrosion resistance pa, ɔhyew a ɛko tia, ɛba fam-temperature ahoɔden, ne mfiri su; Ɛwɔ adwuma pa a ɛyɛ hyew te sɛ stamping ne bending na enni ɔhyew ayaresa hardening phenomenon (non-magnetic, mmerɛw ɔhyew -196℃C ~ 800℃).

 

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma:

Ofie Nneɛma (Ɔfã 1 ne 2 pon so nneɛma, nkuku, nsu afiri a ɛwɔ dan mu, nsu a wɔde yɛ ɔhyew, nsu a wɔde yɛ nsu, bathtubs);
kar akwaa (mframa a wɔde popa nneɛma, mufflers, nsusuwso);
Aduruyɛ mu nneɛma, adansi ho nneɛma, nnuruyɛ, aduan ho adwumayɛ, kuayɛ, ne po so ahyɛn afã horow.

 

 

Adwumayɛ ho nnianim asɛm:

Sɛ́ ade a ɛba fam-carbon 304 dade no, ne corrosion resistance no te sɛ 304 steel no nyinaa. Nanso, sɛ wɔde welding anaa adwennwen so tew wie a, ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛkyɛn so wɔ aburow hye a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ho; Ɛsan nso betumi akura corrosion resistance pa mu a ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ adwuma, na ɔsom hyew yɛ -196℃C kosi 800℃C.

 

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma:

Wɔde di dwuma wɔ afuom mfiri a ɛwɔ nnuru, fango, ne petroleum nnwuma mu a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔko tia aburow hye so nsɛe kɛse, ɔhyew-afã horow a ɛko tia adansi nneɛma, ne afã horow a ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛma ɔhyew ayɛ no.

 

 

 

Adwumayɛ ho nnianim asɛm:

Esiane molybdenum a wɔde aka ho nti, 316 stainless steel wɔ corrosion resistance pa titiriw, wim corrosion resistance, ne high-temperature ahoɔden, na wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu; Ɛwɔ adwuma a ɛyɛ den a ɛkyɛn so (Dabi-magnetic).

 

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma:

nnwinnade a wɔde di dwuma wɔ po mu nsu, nnuru, aduru, krataa, oxalic acid, aduannuru, ne nnwinnade afoforo a wɔde yɛ nneɛma mu; Mfoninitwa, aduan ho adwumayɛbea, mpoano mmeae, nhama, CD abaa, nhama, ne nnuadewa.

 

 

 

 

Nnuru a ɛwɔ mu .

 

Korɔ	C Max .	Mn . Max .	P Max .	C Max .	SI . Max .	CR .	Ni .	MO .	foforɔ
304	0.08	2.0	0.045	0.03	1.0	18-20	8-12		--
304L	0.03	2.0	0.045	0.03	1.0	18-20	8-12		--
316	0.08	2.0	0.045	0.03	1.0	16-18	10-14	2-3	--
316L	0.03	2.0	0.045	0.03	1.0	16-18	10-14	2-3	--

 

316 ne 316L dade a ɛnyɛ den yɛ molybdenum-a ɛwɔ dade a ɛnyɛ den ahorow. Molybdenum a ɛwɔ 316L dade a ɛnyɛ den mu no korɔn kakra sen nea ɛwɔ 316 dade a ɛnyɛ den mu. Esiane molybdenum a ɛwɔ dade mu nti, dade yi nyinaa yɛ adwuma yiye sen dade a ɛnyɛ den 310 ne 304. Under high-temperature conditions, when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower than 15% and higher than 85%, 316 stainless steel has a wide range of uses. 316 stainless steel also has good resistance to chloride attack, so it is usually used in marine environments. 316L stainless steel has a maximum carbon content of 0.03 and can be used in applications where annealing after welding no ntumi nyɛ yiye na baabi a ɛho hia sɛ ɛko tia corrosion a ɛsen biara no.

 

Nneɛma a ɛko tia corrosion .

Nkyene a ɛko tia 316 stainless steel no ye sen 304 stainless steel no, na ɛwɔ corrosion resistance pa wɔ production process a ɛyɛ pulp ne paper no mu. Afei nso, dade a ɛnyɛ den 316 nso tumi gyina sɛnea po ne mfiridwuma mu tebea horow a ɛyɛ hu no sɛe no so.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no ɔkwan biara so a, nsonsonoe kɛse biara nni dade a ɛnyɛ den 304 ne dade a ɛnyɛ den 316 ntam wɔ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa no ho, nanso nsonsonoe wɔ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ pɔtee bi mu.

Dade a ɛnyɛ den a wɔyɛe mfiase no yɛ 304, a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛpaapae wɔ tebea horow bi mu. Sɛ wode molybdenum 2-3% foforo ka ho a, ɛtew saa nkate yi so, na ɛnam saa kwan yi so no wɔwo 316. Nea ɛka ho no, saa molybdenum a ɛboro so yi betumi atew organic acid ahorow bi a ɛyɛ hyew no nsɛe so.

316 Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ dade a ɛnyɛ den abɛyɛ ade a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aduan ne anonne mu. Esiane sɛ molybdenum ho ayɛ na wɔ wiase nyinaa na nikel a ɛdɔɔso wɔ dade a ɛnyɛ den 316 mu nti, dade a ɛnyɛ den 316 bo yɛ den sen dade a ɛnyɛ den 304.

Pitting corrosion yɛ adeyɛ a efi deposition corrosion a ɛwɔ stainless steel no ani titiriw, a entumi nyɛ chromium oxide a ɛbɔ ho ban esiane oxygen a enni hɔ nti.

Titiriw wɔ valve nketewa mu no, sɛnea ebetumi aba sɛ deposits wɔ valve mprɛte no so no sua koraa, enti pitting corrosion nso ntaa mma.

Wɔ nsu mu nsɛm ahorow mu (nsu a wɔayam, nsu a wɔnom, asubɔnten mu nsu, nsu a wɔde yɛ nsu a wɔde yɛ nsu, ɛpo mu nsu, ne nea ɛkeka ho), ɛkame ayɛ sɛ dade a ɛnyɛ den 304 ne dade a ɛnyɛ den 316 no yɛ pɛ, gye sɛ chloride ions a ɛwɔ nsu no mu no dɔɔso yiye, saa bere yi de dade a ɛnyɛ den 316 no bɛyɛ nea ɛfata kɛse.

Mpɛn pii no, nsonsonoe kɛse biara nni dade a ɛnyɛ den 304 ne dade a ɛnyɛ den 304 a ɛko tia nsɛe no ntam, nanso wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, .

 

Ɔhyew a ɛko tia .

Wɔ bere a wɔde di dwuma bere ne bere mu a ɛwɔ ase digrii 1600 ne bere a wɔde di dwuma bere nyinaa wɔ ase digrii 1700 mu no, dade a ɛnyɛ den 316 wɔ oxidation a ɛko tia pa. Wɔ 800-1575 degrees mu no, ɛyɛ papa sɛ woremfa 316 stainless steel nni dwuma daa, nanso sɛ wɔde 316 stainless steel di dwuma kɔ so wɔ saa temperature range yi akyi a, stainless steel no wɔ ɔhyew a ɛko tia pa. Carbide precipitation resistance a ɛwɔ 316L stainless steel no ye sen 316 stainless steel no, na wobetumi de atifi hɔ ɔhyew no adi dwuma.

 

Ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ aduru .

Wɔde annealing yɛ wɔ ɔhyew a ɛyɛ 1850-2050 degrees mu, na ɛno akyi no, annealing a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm na ɛyɛ nwini ntɛmntɛm. 316 stainless steel no ntumi nyɛ den denam ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ adwuma so.

 

Welding .

316 dade a ɛnyɛ den wɔ welding adwumayɛ pa. Wobetumi de standard welding akwan nyinaa adi dwuma ama welding. Sɛnea akwammisa krataa no kyerɛ no, wobetumi de 316CB, 316L, anaa 309CB dade a ɛnyɛ den a wɔde hyɛ mu anaasɛ welding abaa a wɔde yɛ welding adi dwuma. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobenya corrosion resistance a eye sen biara no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma welded section a ɛyɛ 316 stainless steel no yɛ annealed bere a wɔayɛ welding awie no. Sɛ wɔde 316L stainless steel di dwuma a, post-weld annealing no ho nhia.

 

Mfiridwuma mu nneɛma .

 

Korɔ	UTS . N/mm .	So N/mm .	Elongation . %	Hardness . HRB .	DIN nɔma a wɔde toto ho .
					Wrought .	to
304	600	210	60	80	1.4301	1.4308
304L	530	200	50	70	1.4306	1.4552
316	560	210	60	78	1.4401	1.4408
316L	530	200	50	75	1.4406	1.4581

 

Wɔ dade nyinaa mu no, austenitic stainless dade na ɛwɔ aba a ɛba fam sen biara. Enti, wɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma ho no, austenitic stainless steel nyɛ ade a eye sen biara ma valve dua no, efisɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ahoɔden pɔtee bi bɛba no, valve dua no ntwemu bɛkɔ soro. Wontumi mma nnɔbae a wonya no nkɔ soro denam ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ adwuma so, nanso wobetumi ama ayɛ kɛse denam awɔw a ɛba so.

 

Magnetic .

Esiane sɛ wɔde austenitic stainless steel di dwuma kɛse nti, nkurɔfo wɔ adwene a ɛnteɛ sɛ dade a ɛnyɛ den nyinaa nyɛ magnetic. Wɔ austenitic stainless steel ho no, wobetumi ate ase titiriw sɛ non{1}}magnetic, na ɛyɛ nokware ma dade a wɔayɛ no atoro. Nanso 304 a wɔde awɔw ayɛ ho adwuma no bɛyɛ magnetic kakra. Wɔ cast steel ho no, sɛ ɛyɛ 100% austenitic stainless steel a, ɛnyɛ magnetic.

 

 

 

Austenitic stainless steel a ɛko tia corrosion no fi chromium oxide a ɛbɔ ho ban a wɔayɛ wɔ dade no ani no mu. Sɛ wɔma ade no yɛ hyew kodu ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro digrii 450 kosi digrii 900 a, sɛnea nneɛma no te no sesa, na chromium carbides ba wɔ ahwehwɛ no anoano. Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, wontumi nyɛ chromium oxide a ɛbɔ ho ban wɔ ahwehwɛ no ano, na ɛde corrosion resistance a ɛso tew ba. Wɔfrɛ saa nsɛe yi "intergranular corrosion".

Nea efii mu bae ne sɛ wɔyɛɛ dade a ɛnyɛ den 304L ne dade a ɛnyɛ den 316L de ko tiaa saa nsɛe yi. Dadeɛ a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyɛ 304L ne 316L dadeɛ a ɛnyɛ den no nyinaa wɔ carbon a ɛba fam ɛfiri sɛ carbon a ɛwɔ mu no so tew, enti chromium carbide biara nni hɔ na intergranular corrosion biara nni hɔ.

Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse ma intergranular corrosion no nkyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a ɛnyɛ{0}}a ɛwɔ carbon a ɛba fam no yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛsɛe. Saa nkateɛ yi nso kɔ soro wɔ soro-chlorine tebea mu.

Yɛsrɛ sɛ hyɛ no nsow sɛ saa adeyɛ yi fi ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro (450℃-900℃). Mpɛn pii no, soldering ne ade a ɛma ɔhyew yi ba tẽẽ. Wɔ soft seat conventional butterfly valves ho no ntease nnim pii sɛ wobɛkɔ ne low carbon stainless efisɛ yɛnyɛ weld wɔ disc no so, ɛwom sɛ dodow no ara specifications bɛhwehwɛ 304L anaa 316L.

 

 

Dɛn nti na dade a ɛnyɛ den no yɛ rusty? Sɛ brown rust spots (points) pue wɔ stainless steel pipes no ani a, nkurɔfo ho dwiriw wɔn: Wosusuw sɛ "stainless steel yɛ rustless, na sɛ ɛyɛ rusty a, ɛnyɛ stainless steel. Ebetumi aba sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ dadeɛ no su ho." Nokwarem no, eyi yɛ biako-afã adwene a ɛnteɛ a ɛfa ntease a wonni wɔ dade a ɛnyɛ den ho. dade a ɛnyɛ den nso betumi ayɛ rusty wɔ tebea horow bi mu.

Dade a ɛnyɛ den no wɔ tumi a ɛde ko tia wim oxidation —kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnyɛ rusty, na ɛsan nso wɔ tumi a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ a acid, alkali, ne nkyene wom mu —kyerɛ sɛ, corrosion resistance. Nanso ne anti-nkitahodi tumi no kɛse sesa ne nnuru a ɛwɔ ne dade no ankasa mu, tebea a ɛhyɛ den, ɔsom tebea, ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu. Te sɛ dade nhama 304, wɔ wim tebea a ɛyɛ dry cleansing mu no, wɔahyehyɛ no yiye koraa a ɛko tia tarnishing tumi, nanso wɔde kɔ Riviera, wɔ po mu sum mu a nkyene dodow bi wom no, ɛrenkyɛ na ayɛ rusty; Dade afiri 316 no yɛɛ adwuma yiye. Enti, ɛnyɛ dade a ɛnyɛ den biara a ebetumi ako atia nsɛe ne nkannare wɔ baabiara.

 

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